ABSTRACT – The Volkswagen Group Italia and Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft judgment of 14 September 2023, handed down by the Court of Justice, concerns the application of the ne bis in idem principle in a case where fines against the Volkswagen group had been issued in both Italy and Germany in relation to the so-called Dieselgate scandal. In the case note, the issue of the duplication of proceedings and penalties and its consistency with the above-mentioned principle is tackled in the light of the Court’s judgment and the case law of the Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights.
